In the rice paddies of Nueva Ecija, a quiet revolution is unfolding. It's not marked by loud protests or sweeping land reforms, but by the soft hum of propellers slicing through the air. These are not toys or tech novelties—they are agricultural drones, and for thousands of smallholder farmers and agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs), they represent the future of farming.
From Hand Tools to High-Tech. For decades, agrarian reform in the Philippines has focused on redistributing land to landless farmers. While land ownership is a critical step toward equity, it has not always guaranteed prosperity. Many ARBs have continued to face poverty, largely due to high labor costs, low productivity, and limited access to modern technologies.
Now, with the introduction of drone technology through government and NGO initiatives, that paradigm is beginning to shift.
“Before, we needed five workers to plant seeds on one hectare. Now, a drone can finish it in under 30 minutes,” says Ricardo Santos, a 48-year-old farmer from Isabela and member of a local ARB cooperative. “We save money, time, and we can do it without exhausting ourselves.”
The Drones4RiceProject: Pioneering Precision Agriculture. Launched in April 2024, the Drones4Rice Project is a collaborative effort between the International RiceResearch Institute (IRRI) and the Department of Agriculture-Philippine RiceResearch Institute (DA-PhilRice). The project focuses on developing standardized protocols for drone applications in seeding, fertilization, and pesticide spraying. By implementing these protocols, the initiative seeks to optimize input usage, leading to higher yields and cost efficiency for farmers.
Collaborative Efforts and Support. The Drones4Rice Project is also supported by various stakeholders, including the Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Agricultural Research (DA-BAR), the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA), and the CivilAviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). These collaborations aim to streamline regulations and facilitate the widespread adoption of drone technology among smallholder farmers.
Government Support and Subsidies. Recognizing the potential of drone technology, the Department of Agriculture (DA) has allocated ₱300 million to support its commercial application. Through a voucher system, organized groups such as rice clusters, irrigators' associations, farmers' cooperatives, and ARB organizations can access drone services. Each beneficiary is entitled to a ₱2,000 voucher per hectare, covering comprehensive drone-assisted farming operations from pre-flight planning to pest and disease control.
Objectives and Scope. The project focuses on developing standardized protocols for drone-assisted applications in rice production, including seeding, fertilization, and pesticide spraying. By establishing these protocols, Drones4Rice aims to optimize input usage, enhance crop yields, and reduce labor costs, thereby promoting precision agriculture and sustainable farming practices.
Implementation and Benefits. Drones equipped with advanced sensors are utilized to monitor crop health, assess soil conditions, and apply inputs precisely. This technology enables real-time data collection, allowing for informed decision-making and efficient resource management. The adoption of drones is particularly beneficial in addressing challenges such as labor shortages and high production costs, which are prevalent in the Philippine rice farming sector.
Efficiency and Cost Reduction. The adoption of drones has significantly improved farming efficiency. For instance, drone seeding can complete crop establishment in just 20 minutes per hectare, compared to half a day or more using traditional methods. This rapid deployment not only saves time but also reduces labor costs by up to 50%. Additionally, drone-assisted operations have demonstrated higher yields; a study showed that drone-seeded fields produced 6.85 tons per hectare, surpassing the 6.38 tons achieved through manual broadcasting.
Empowering Farmers and Promoting Inclusivity. Beyond efficiency, drone technology is empowering farmers by reducing the physical demands of farming, making it more accessible to women and the youth. The ease of operating drones for tasks like seeding and fertilization is encouraging more individuals to participate in agriculture, promoting gender inclusivity and rejuvenating the farming workforce.
Women and Youth in the Fields—Again. Perhaps one of the most powerful impacts of drone adoption has been social. Farming, once seen as a physically grueling and low-prestige profession, is being reimagined as a modern, tech-enabled enterprise.
“Drones have made farming attractive again, especially for young people,” says Angelica Ramos, a 26-year-old ARB and agribusiness graduate who now manages a drone service cooperative in Bukidnon. “We used to think we had to leave the farm to succeed. Now, the farm is where the future is.”
Women, too, are stepping into leadership roles in drone operations, as the technology lessens the need for brute strength and rewards technical skills and organizational savvy.
Regulation and Safety Measures. To ensure the safe and effective use of drones in agriculture, the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) is developing regulations and protocols. These measures aim to safeguard users, consumers, and the environment, while also preventing potential misuse of drone technology.
Challenges and the Road Ahead. While the benefits are clear, challenges remain. Not all ARBs have immediate access to drone services, especially in remote areas. There's also a learning curve—farmers need training not just in how to operate drones, but how to interpret the data they provide.
To address this, Drones4Rice and its partners have launched capacity-building programs that include hands-on training, certification, and community-level workshops. Pilot sites in Laguna, Nueva Ecija, and Iloilo have become models of success.
A Glimpse into the Future. The integration of drone technology into Philippine agriculture marks a significant step towards modernization. As ARBs continue to embrace these innovations, the country moves closer to achieving sustainable and efficient farming practices, ensuring food security and improved livelihoods for its farmers.
As the Philippine agriculture sector grapples with the impacts of climate change, aging farmers, and global competition, drone technology offers more than just convenience—it offers resilience and hope.
“We’ve always worked hard,” says Santos, shading his eyes to watch a drone sweep across the sky. “Now, with these new tools, our hard work is finally paying off.”
In the
skies above Philippine rice fields, drones buzz quietly, almost humbly. But on
the ground, their presence is anything but silent. For agrarian reform
beneficiaries reclaiming not just land but dignity and opportunity, these
machines are heralds of a new, more equitable agricultural era.
Photo courtesy of Philippine Information Agency
